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However, they tend to lose their effectiveness over time, and may leach chemicals or heavy metals (such as copper) into the sea. Shaped bows produce reflections which tend to cancel oncoming waves, thus reducing the friction on the hull.Īnti-fouling paints can help lower adhesion from marine organisms such as barnacles.

Bulbous bows are arguably the most widely adopted innovation since the last century, first appearing on the German sister ships SS Bremen and Europa for the North Atlantic liner route in the late 1920s. Hull designs are generally considered to be close to their maximum potentials, and so unlikely to deliver substantial operating improvements. The indexes are not prescriptive, and thus individual shipowners and operators may choose any of a number of complementary technologies to achieve the targets. Older ships may be forced to reduce their speeds, to meet the maximum allowable emission thresholds. In general, vessels with stronger assessments should be more likely to win cargo contracts. The IMO has prescribed a number of indexes to measure a vessel’s carbon emissions, so that individual ships can be compared. Ship operators will consequently have to pay for carbon emissions on a phased scale from next year, reaching 100 per cent by 2026. Last December, the European Council and European Parliament included maritime transport within the European Union’s emission trading scheme. However, a number of green lobbyists accused the committee of insufficient urgency.

They revised their original 50 per cent target reduction, as compared with 2008 levels, by 2050 to instead “near-zero”. In London in July, its marine environment protection committee agreed that member nations would accelerate their reductions in annual maritime emissions of greenhouse gases. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), a United Nations agency, regulates shipping worldwide.